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There are access modifiers to set the access levels:

• Public: accessible from any other class. It applies to classes, methods, constructors, interfaces etc.
• Protected: accessible from any other class in the same package or any subclass in other packages. It applies to member variables, methods, constructors etc.
• Private: accessible only within the class in which it is declared. It applies to methods, member variables, constructors, inner classes etc.
• Default access modifier (when nothing is specified): accessible only from classes in the same package. It applies to classes, member variables, methods, constructors etc.

Note: overridden methods can only be made more public, not more private. Only methods declared without access modifier, can be more private.

There are some non-access modifiers for any other purposes:

• Final: a final class can't be extended, a final method can't be overridden, a final variable can't be changed.
• Abstract: an abstract class can't be instantiated and must be extended and any abstract method must be implemented before any subclass can be instantiated.
• Static: any variable or method belong to the class and not to the object, and any block executed as the class is loaded.
• Volatile: it applies only to variables and it's used in multi-threading, so that your write operations in a thread can be seen straight away in an other thread.
• Transient: member variables declared as transient are not serialized.
• Synchronized: it applies only to methods or blocks of code. It is used in multi-threading to set a mutex.
• Throws: it applies only to methods and denotes that an exception might be thrown.