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Type checking is a check to ensure type correctness.

In a weakly typed language the type of a variable depends on the context. In a strongly typed language the type cannot be changed (in JavaScript the result of "bla" + 3 is a string, because it is weakly typed).

A statically typed language performs type validation at compile time. A dynamically typed language performs type validation at runtime.

Usually, a weakly typed language is also dynamically typed, whereas a strongly typed language is also statically typed. But this rule is not always true: Phyton is a dynamically typed and strongly typed language.

A statically typed language is faster at runtime, but requires more time for coding. A dynamically typed language is slower, but requires less time for coding.

Static checks results in compilation errors, whereas dynamic checks results in exceptions.

Usually scripting languages are dynamically typed, as they tend to be shorted. Languages like C and Java are statically typed.